WebAbstract. The 4f-ligand overlap for the rare earth ions in crystals is considerably smaller than the 3d-ligand one for transition metal ions. Therefore the theory of low-lying electronic levels of these ions is often based on the hypothesis that major forces acting upon 4f electrons are of a classical electrostatic nature. WebMay 15, 2024 · The first term describes the crystalline electrical field interaction in the Lea, Leask and Wolf (LLW)-representation [19], being W and x, (-1 ≤ x ≤ 1) the two CEF-parameters. W gives the energy scale and × is the ratio of fourth- to sixth-order terms of O n m -Stevens’s equivalent operators [20] and F 4 = 60 , F 6 = 1260 are scale ...
Magnetism and topology in Tb-based icosahedral quasicrystal
WebIf the crystalline electric field effects are taken as a perturbation on the appropriate free-ion wave functions and energy levels, the problem becomes that of finding the perturbing Hamiltonian and its matrix elements. The energy levels in the crystal field can then be found from standard perturbation theory. The simple point-charge model used ... WebThe crystalline electric field (CEF) scheme, in the paramagnetic phase, and the magnetic structures of the spontaneous and low field-induced phases have been probed by neutron techniques. All the magnetic phases studied are found to be multiple q with q belonging to the 1/2, 1/2, 0 star. In the low temperature phase (T < 16.5 K) the structure ... bisexuality and christianity
Liquid Crystals - Chemistry LibreTexts
WebEffects of the Crystalline Electric Field in the KErTe 2 Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate WeiweiLiu, 1,2,∗ ZhengZhang, 1,2,† DayuYan, 2 JianshuLi, ZhitaoZhang, 3 WebApr 29, 2024 · The first part of this research was devoted to investigating the effect of alternate current (AC) using four different types of wave modes (pulse-wave) at 2 Hz on the crystal growth of lysozyme in solution. The best results, in terms of size and crystal quality, were obtained when protein crystals were grown under the influence of electric fields in … WebFeb 4, 2024 · A theoretical description of the effect of an electric field on the homogeneous nucleation rate preceded experimental work and concluded that depending on the ratio of dielectric constants between solution and solid the nucleation rate will decrease or increase. 49 One of the first experimental reports on the combination of electric field and ... dark chronicler